孟德斯鸠（Montesquieu）
出生地：巴黎，法国
出生日期：1689年1月18日
逝世日期：1755年2月10日
死因：心脏病发作
重大贡献：孟德斯鸠是政治哲学家，他的代表作《法意志论》对现代民主制度和宪政理论产生了深远影响。
约翰·洛克（John Locke）
出生地：索尔比，英格兰
出生日期：1632年8月29日
逝世日期：1704年10月28日
死因：肺炎并伴有脑膜炎症状导致死亡。
重大贡献：“自然法则”思想家之一，被认为是启蒙时代最重要的人物之一。他的工作在政治哲学、教育理念和个人权利等领域产生了巨大的影响。
亚当·斯密（Adam Smith）
Outborn place: Kirkcaldy, Scotland, UK.
Born date: June 5, 1723.
Died date: July 17,1790.
Cause of death: Heart attack and stroke.
Major contributions: Known as the father of modern economics for his book "The Wealth of Nations". He laid the foundations for modern capitalism and free market economies.
埃米尔·齐普里安（Émile Zola）
Born in Paris, France.
Born on April 2,1840.
Died on September 29,1902 due to carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a faulty gas heater in his apartment at Nantes during a heat wave while he was visiting his wife's grave there after her recent death from cancer.
马克思主义与共产主义的创始人卡尔·马克思：
Outborn place:Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), Prussia (now Germany).
Outborn date: May 5 or May 15 (depending on source),1818; died January31st,1883 in London England.
Cause of death: Pneumonia complicated by pleurisy and bronchitis following an abscess that had been draining into his lung since the previous year; it is also believed that he may have suffered from syphilis throughout much of his life which could have weakened him prior to developing pneumonia.
查尔斯·达尔文：
Outborn place: Shrewsbury ,England .
Born on February27th ,1809 .Died April19th ,1882 at Down House near Orpington Kent England .He died from chronic Bright's disease which was undiagnosed until after his death when an autopsy revealed it .
7.Galileo Galilei:
Outborn place:Pisa Italy .
Born February15th1587.DiedJanuary8th1642.Torture and imprisonment were used to try to force Galileo to recant but they did not work before dying three days later due to complications related with fever.
8.Louis Pasteur:
Outborn place:Dole France.Born December27th1822.Died September28th1895.Pasteur died peacefully at home in Villeneuve l'Etang aged72 years old from pernicious anaemia.Pernicious anaemia is a condition where the body cannot properly absorb vitamin B12 because it does not make enough intrinsic factor-a protein needed for absorption.The exact cause of this condition is still unknown today but can be treated with injections or oral supplements containing vitamin B12 if diagnosed early enough.
这些人物各自在不同的领域留下了深刻的印记，他们对人类社会发展有着不可估量的价值。
